Neural pathways from hypothalamic orexin neurons to the ventrolateral preoptic area mediate sleep impairments induced by conditioned fear
IntroductionFear and sleep impairments common co-exist, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Hypothalamic orexinergic neurons are involved in the regulation of sleep-wake and fear expression.The ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) is an essential brain region to promote sleep, and orexinergic axonal fibers projecting to the VLPO are involved